propagated

Propagated is the past participle of propagate, meaning to spread or transmit from a source to other places or systems. The term derives from Latin propagate, from propagare, meaning to cause to grow.

In biology and horticulture, propagation creates new individuals from an existing plant. Propagated plants are produced by methods such as cuttings, layering, division, grafting, or seed. Propagation is used to preserve cultivars, maintain genetic traits, or rapidly scale production.

In physics and engineering, propagation describes how a disturbance, wave, or signal travels through a medium or space. Studies focus on speed, attenuation, dispersion, and impedance, with applications in optics, acoustics, and communications.

In epidemiology and social sciences, a propagated outbreak spreads through person-to-person transmission, typically with successive waves. The term contrasts with outbreaks that originate from a single source. Propagated effects or signals describe how changes ripple through networks over time.

In computing, event propagation refers to disseminating events among components or nodes, guiding responses and state changes throughout a system. See also propagation, propagate, transmitted, diffusion.