QTszindróma

QTszindróma, also known as prolonged QT interval syndrome, is a heart rhythm disorder that affects the heart's electrical recharging system after each beat. This delay in repolarization can lead to dangerous, irregular heartbeats, known as arrhythmias, which can cause fainting, seizures, or even sudden cardiac death. The QT interval is a measurement on an electrocardiogram (ECG) that represents the time it takes for the ventricles of the heart to repolarize after each contraction. When this interval is abnormally long, it signifies QTszindróma.

There are two main types of QTszindróma: congenital and acquired. Congenital long QT syndrome is a genetic condition inherited from one or both parents, caused by mutations in genes that control ion channels in the heart. Acquired long QT syndrome can develop later in life due to factors such as certain medications (including some antibiotics and antidepressants), electrolyte imbalances (low potassium or magnesium), and other medical conditions.

Symptoms can vary widely, from being absent to severe. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others may have palpitations, dizziness, fainting (syncope), or seizures. These symptoms are often triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, or startling noises. The diagnosis is typically made through an ECG, which reveals a prolonged QT interval. Genetic testing can confirm inherited forms.

Treatment aims to prevent dangerous arrhythmias. This often involves lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding known triggers and certain medications. Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of arrhythmias. In some cases, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be recommended to monitor heart rhythm and deliver an electrical shock if a life-threatening arrhythmia occurs. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for individuals with QTszindróma to improve their prognosis and prevent sudden cardiac events.