Polyole

Polyole is a term used in polymer science to refer to a broad family of polymers derived from olefin monomers through addition polymerization. The most widely produced and studied members are polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), with additional variants such as polybutylene and copolymers of ethylene and other olefins. These polymers share a hydrocarbon backbone of carbon–carbon single bonds, are generally non-polar, and exhibit high chemical resistance and electrical insulation. Their properties range from flexible and transparent (low-density grades) to rigid and high-strength (high-density grades).

Production and structure: Polyolefins are synthesized by polymerizing simple olefins such as ethylene or propylene. Catalyst systems such as Ziegler–Natta and metallocenes enable control over tacticity and branching, tailoring properties. LDPE is produced under high-pressure conditions with considerable branching, while HDPE and linear low-density polyolefins are formed under low-pressure coordination polymerization conditions, yielding more regular structures. The degree of crystallinity and chain arrangement determine melting temperature, stiffness, and clarity.

Properties and applications: Polyolefins are among the most widely used plastics, forming films, packaging, containers, pipes, and automotive parts. Their versatility, combined with relatively low cost, drives extensive production. End-of-life management includes mechanical recycling and energy recovery; additives, fillers, and contamination can complicate recycling. Polyolefins are not readily biodegradable in the environment, and sustainable use often emphasizes recycling and design for recyclability.

See also: polymer chemistry, plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene.