Polleras

Polleras are traditional skirts worn by women in several Latin American countries, most notably in the Andean regions of Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, and also in Panama where the pollera is considered the national dress. The term can refer to the skirt itself or to the full ensemble that accompanies it, which may include a fitted blouse, a shawl or mantilla, and extensive jewelry in some areas.

The garment has roots in colonial-era clothing that blended European fashions with indigenous weaving and tailoring traditions. Over time, polleras developed distinctive regional styles, colors, and motifs that signal community, family, or festival identity. They remain central to many ceremonial occasions and dances, and they continue to be produced by artisans who preserve traditional techniques.

Construction and design vary by region, but polleras are typically wide, multi-layered skirts with dense pleats or ruffles. They are made from wool or cotton and can be elaborately embroidered or decorated with woven patterns, lace, or sequins. The accompanying blouse is often richly adorned, and in some areas the outfit includes a mantilla or shawl, a headdress, and a set of jewelry.

Cultural significance remains strong: polleras symbolize cultural heritage and are worn during religious celebrations, folk performances, and national festivals. In Panama, the pollera has particular prominence as a formal national dress, characterized by intricate embroidery and heavy gold jewelry. Today, while daily use has declined in some communities, polleras continue to be produced for ceremonies, performances, and tourism, preserving an important element of regional identity.