Ecuador

Ecuador is a country located in the northwestern corner of South America, bordered by Colombia to the north, Peru to the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It covers an area of approximately 256,378 square kilometers and has a diverse geography that includes the Amazon rainforest, Andean highlands, and coastal plains. The country is known for its rich biodiversity, hosting some of the world's most diverse ecosystems and numerous endemic species.

The capital city of Ecuador is Quito, situated in the Andean highlands at an altitude of about 2,800 meters. Quito is recognized for its well-preserved colonial center, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Guayaquil is Ecuador’s largest city and major port, vital to the nation's economy. Other important cities include Cuenca and Loja.

Ecuador’s history dates back to pre-Columbian civilizations such as the Incas. It was explored by Spanish conquerors in the 16th century and gained independence in 1822 as part of Gran Colombia before becoming a separate republic in 1830. The country’s political landscape has experienced periods of instability and democratic governance.

Economically, Ecuador relies heavily on exports of oil, bananas, flowers, and seafood. Its economy is also supported by tourism, driven by attractions such as the Galápagos Islands, renowned for unique wildlife and ecological research. The Galápagos, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is located around 1,000 kilometers from the mainland and plays a significant role in the country’s identity and scientific community.

Ecuador is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. It operates as a democratic republic with a multi-party system, emphasizing social inclusion and environmental conservation.