exports

Exports are goods and services produced domestically and sold to buyers in other countries. They are a core component of international trade and a contribution to GDP. Exports differ from imports, which are purchases from abroad; the trade balance is exports minus imports. Exports include tangible products such as machinery or agricultural commodities and intangible services like software, tourism, or financial services. National statistics agencies and customs authorities compile export data to assess openness and growth prospects.

Factors influencing export performance include relative prices, exchange rates, productivity, quality, and market access rules. Trade policies such as tariffs and free trade agreements affect access to markets. Government tools to promote exports include export credit agencies and information services; subsidies or incentives may exist but are regulated internationally.

Export performance affects GDP, employment, and foreign currency earnings. Countries often pursue export-led development by specializing in competitive goods or services and integrating into global value chains. The mix of exports varies: commodity-rich economies rely on natural resources, while advanced economies focus on high-value manufactured goods and services. Global trends—technology, regional integration, and supply chain changes—reshape export patterns.

Trade in exports depends on logistics and infrastructure such as ports, rail networks, and customs procedures. Accurate export statistics support policy making, budgeting, and trade balance analysis.