Pimples

Pimples are inflammatory skin lesions commonly associated with acne. They occur when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, sometimes with bacterial infection, causing redness and swelling. Pimples commonly appear on the face but can also affect the chest, back, and shoulders.

Causes and risk factors include hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy; excess oil production; buildup of dead skin cells; and inflammation. Bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes can contribute to flare-ups. Genetic predisposition and certain medications or stress can influence risk. Poor skin hygiene or heavy use of comedogenic cosmetics can worsen symptoms.

Presentations range from non-inflammatory comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) to inflammatory lesions such as papules, pustules, and nodules. Pimples occur on a spectrum from mild to severe and may scar, especially if irritated or picked.

Management typically involves regular gentle cleansing, non‑comedogenic moisturizers, and avoiding aggravating products. Over-the-counter treatments with benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids like adapalene can help. For persistent or more severe cases, prescription options include topical retinoids, antibiotics, or hormonal therapy for women; isotretinoin may be used for severe acne under medical supervision. Avoid squeezing to minimize scarring and inflammation, and use sunscreen to protect the skin.

Outlook varies; pimples often improve with age, and many cases resolve within a few years. Early treatment reduces scarring risk. Seek medical advice for severe, widespread, painful, or rapidly spreading lesions, signs of infection, or significant distress, and during pregnancy to choose safe therapies.