Phylliidae

Phylliidae is a family of insects in the order Phasmatodea, commonly known as leaf insects for their remarkable leaf-like appearance. Members of this group have flattened bodies with irregular margins and veined coloration that mimics foliage, providing effective camouflage on leaves. They vary in size by genus and species, with some individuals bearing lobed extensions on the thorax and abdomen to enhance resemblance to real leaves. Egg morphology often resembles plant seeds, aiding concealment on the forest floor.

The geographic range of Phylliidae spans tropical regions of Asia, Australia, New Guinea, and surrounding islands. They inhabit tropical forests, woodlands, and gardens where suitable host plants are available. Diet consists of a variety of leaves, with feeding preferences typically broad but sometimes species- or genus-specific. Camouflage and nocturnal activity are key survival strategies, reducing predation by birds and other predators.

Taxonomy within Phylliidae includes several genera, notably Phyllium, Nanophyllium, and Microphyllium. Species within the family exhibit a range of sizes, from small to relatively large leaf mimics. Reproduction is generally sexual, though some species can reproduce parthenogenetically when males are scarce. Eggs hatch into nymphs that resemble smaller versions of adults, and nymphs pass through multiple instars before reaching maturity.

Conservation concerns affect some Phylliidae due to habitat loss and collection for the pet trade. While many species are locally common, others have restricted ranges and face pressures from deforestation and environmental change.