Onderfracturen

Onderfracturen, also known as stress fractures or fatigue fractures, are small cracks in the bone caused by repetitive stress or overuse. Unlike acute fractures, which typically result from a single traumatic event, onderfracturen develop gradually over time due to repeated loading or impact on the bone. They are most commonly seen in athletes, military personnel, dancers, and individuals engaged in activities that involve repetitive motions, such as running or jumping.

The condition often affects weight-bearing bones, including the tibia (shinbone), fibula, metatarsals (foot bones), and the bones of the pelvis. Risk factors include inadequate rest between physical activities, sudden increases in exercise intensity or duration, poor nutrition (particularly low calcium or vitamin D levels), hormonal imbalances, and underlying bone conditions like osteoporosis. Women, particularly those with amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods) or eating disorders, are at higher risk due to hormonal and nutritional factors that weaken bone strength.

Symptoms of an onderfractuur typically include localized pain that worsens with activity and may improve with rest. Swelling, tenderness, and bruising may also occur. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies such as X-rays, bone scans, or MRI, though initial X-rays may not always reveal the fracture, especially in early stages. Treatment usually involves rest, activity modification, and sometimes the use of crutches or a walking boot to reduce stress on the affected bone. Physical therapy and gradual return to activity are key to recovery.

Prevention focuses on gradual increases in physical activity, maintaining proper nutrition, ensuring adequate hydration, and allowing sufficient recovery time between workouts. Strengthening exercises and wearing appropriate footwear can also help reduce the risk of developing onderfracturen. In severe or recurrent cases, medical evaluation to address underlying conditions may be necessary.