Numididae

Numididae is a small family of birds in the order Galliformes, commonly known as guineafowls. Members are terrestrial, ground-dwelling birds native to Africa, though several species have been introduced elsewhere. The best-known species is the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris); the family also includes species in the genera Guttera and Agelastes.

Genera and appearance: The family comprises Numida, Guttera, and Agelastes. Numida meleagris has a distinctive bare blue head with a casque on top and spotted plumage. Guttera species are known as crested guineafowls and typically have small crests or feathers on the head, while Agelastes includes forest-dwelling guineafowls with more subdued plumage. Across the family, body size is moderate to small, with rounded silhouettes and strong legs.

Habitat and behavior: Guineafowls occur in open woodlands, savannas, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They forage on the ground for seeds, grains, fruits, and invertebrates. They often travel in small coveys and are vocal, giving loud calls when alarmed. They are generally quick runners and may roost in trees at night in some species.

Reproduction: Nests are typically ground scrapes lined with leaves. Clutch sizes vary by species but usually consist of several eggs. Incubation is commonly carried out by the female, and the chicks are precocial, leaving the nest soon after hatching.

Conservation and taxonomy: The helmeted guineafowl has wide, continuing presence, while several forest-dwelling guineafowls with restricted ranges face habitat loss and hunting pressures. Taxonomic classification within Numididae can vary among authorities as new genetic data are evaluated.