casque

Casque is a form of protective headgear designed to absorb impact and shield the skull from injury. In French, the term covers a broad range of head coverings used in military, sports, industry, and everyday safety, and the word can also denote a headset or headphones in modern usage. Historically, casques were part of armor and have evolved with advances in materials science into contemporary protective equipment.

Casques are used in many contexts, including military and ceremonial roles, industrial safety, and sports. Types range from metal helmets in historical or ceremonial settings to modern combat helmets with integrated suspension systems, industrial hard hats, and sports helmets for cycling, American football, hockey, and equestrian activities. Civilian versions like bicycle and motorcycle helmets are designed to reduce the risk of traumatic brain injury by distributing and absorbing impact.

Construction typically includes an outer shell, an energy-absorbing liner, interior padding for comfort, and a retention strap to secure the helmet. Materials vary from traditional metals to polymers and composite materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, and aramid fibers. Safety standards govern performance and use, including EN 397 for European industrial helmets, ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 in the United States, EN 1078 for bicycles and related sports, and the NOCSAE standard for American football.

In contemporary French, the word casque can also refer to a headset or headphones, reflecting a broader use beyond protective gear. The concept of the casque continues to evolve with developments in materials science and ergonomic design, prioritizing protection, fit, and comfort.