equestrian

Equestrian refers to activities involving horses, including riding, training, horse care, and related sports. It encompasses recreational riding as well as professional competition and work with horses in agricultural, therapeutic, and leisure settings.

History: Humans have used horses for transport, farming, and warfare since antiquity. Modern equestrian sport developed in Europe in the 18th–19th centuries, leading to standardized riding methods, competitive formats, and organized breeding and training programs.

Disciplines and activities: Core Olympic disciplines are dressage, show jumping, and eventing. Other competitive and recreational forms include endurance riding, polo, vaulting, driving, and trail riding. Training emphasizes balance, responsiveness, and harmony between horse and rider.

Governance and competition: The Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) governs international rules, anti-doping, and event calendars. National federations run local shows. Para-equestrian disciplines provide competition for riders with disabilities and are integrated into FEI events.

Equipment and welfare: Riders use saddles, bridles, bits, and protective gear chosen for discipline and fit. Stable management covers feeding, turnout, grooming, veterinary care, and welfare considerations, with emphasis on humane handling and gradual training.

Safety and welfare: Helmet use and other protective gear are common, and surfaces, tack, and horsemanship standards emphasize rider and horse safety. Welfare concerns include overtraining, medical issues, and ensuring appropriate rest, nutrition, and veterinary oversight.