Nuhakuume

Nuhakuume is a colloquial Finnish expression used to describe a self-limiting upper respiratory illness that combines nuha (nasal congestion or runny nose) with kuume (fever). It is not an official medical diagnosis, but it is commonly used in everyday language and media to denote illnesses with both nasal symptoms and fever, typically caused by viral infections such as the common cold or influenza-like illness.

Causes and symptoms: Nuhakuume is usually the result of respiratory viruses, including rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and other coronaviruses. It spreads primarily through droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Common symptoms include nasal congestion or runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, fever, and general malaise. The illness most often lasts several days to about two weeks; fever tends to resolve within a few days, while cough or fatigue may linger.

Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis is clinical, based on history and examination, with no routine testing required unless red flags or diagnostic uncertainty exists. Treatment is supportive and symptom-based: adequate fluids, rest, and over-the-counter analgesics or antipyretics such as paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and pain; nasal saline irrigation or decongestants can help adults. Antibiotics are not routinely recommended unless there is evidence of a bacterial complication.

Prevention and prognosis: Prevention emphasizes standard infection control, vaccination where appropriate (for influenza and, where applicable, COVID-19), hand hygiene, and staying home when ill. The prognosis is generally favorable, with full recovery for most people; complications such as sinusitis, otitis media, or, rarely, pneumonia can occur, especially in young children, older adults, or people with underlying health conditions.