colloquial

Colloquial is an adjective describing language that belongs to ordinary, informal conversation rather than formal, literary, or official registers. It covers spoken language as well as written forms that imitate everyday speech, such as dialogue in fiction or casual prose. The term derives from Latin colloquialis, from colloquium meaning conversation.

Colloquial language features contractions, common expressions, idioms, and nonstandard syntax. It may include regional vocabulary and slang, and it is typically understood by native speakers, conveying a conversational tone. While not inherently vulgar or incorrect, its appropriateness depends on context. In formal writing, colloquial forms are usually avoided; in character dialogue, feature writing, or casual journalism, authors may use colloquial style to reflect a speaker’s background or situation.

Colloquialism is a related term referring to a word or phrase used in everyday speech but not standard writing. Examples include gonna (going to), wanna (want to), gotta (got to), you guys, and ain’t. A single colloquial expression does not automatically make an entire text colloquial, but it can contribute to a broader colloquial register.

Regional and social variation is a key aspect of colloquial speech. Colloquial language differs by region, age group, sociolect, and context, and can signal identity, stance, or social belonging. It is a central topic in linguistics and sociolinguistics, as researchers examine how everyday speech patterns develop, spread, and vary across communities.