idioms

An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal meanings of its words. Idioms are a form of figurative language in which the whole expression conveys a sense that differs from the sum of its parts.

Most idioms have a fixed form and are not freely altered by tense or number. Some are transparent, hinting at their meaning, while others are opaque, requiring cultural knowledge. Idioms vary across dialects and registers, and may shift over time as language evolves.

Origins of idioms are diverse. They may derive from historical events, literature, folklore, occupations, or everyday life. Some migrate between communities or languages, while others arise in specialized subcultures. Over time, usage consolidates a set of conventional meanings.

Common English idioms include: kick the bucket (die), spill the beans (reveal a secret), break the ice (initiate conversation), piece of cake (easy), let the cat out of the bag (blurt a secret), and once in a blue moon (rare). Each expresses a concept through metaphor rather than literal sense.

In translation, idioms pose challenges because their meanings may not correspond to words in another language. Translators often seek an equivalent idiom, or paraphrase the sentiment. Learners benefit from studying common idioms to gain fluency, though inappropriate usage can cause confusion or humor.