Nooruz

Nooruz, also spelled Nowruz or Navruz, is the traditional spring festival that marks the Persian New Year and the vernal equinox. It is one of the world's oldest continuously celebrated holidays, with roots in pre-Islamic, Zoroastrian traditions. The celebration is observed by many communities across Iran, Afghanistan, parts of Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Balkans, and among the Iranian and Persian-speaking diasporas.

The timing of Nooruz depends on the vernal equinox, when day and night are of equal length, usually falling on March 20 or 21. The holiday signals renewal and the start of a new year in the Iranian calendar. While the core ritual is shared, national and regional observances vary and may extend the celebration for about two weeks, ending with Sizdah Bedar on the 13th day.

Customs center on notions of renewal and hospitality. A Haft-Seen table is prepared with seven items beginning with the Persian letter بر (sin) that symbolize life, health, and growth—for example sabzeh (sprouted greens), samanu (sweet pudding), senjed (dried fruit), seer (garlic), seeb (apple), somaq (sumac), and sekkeh (coins). Other practices include thorough spring cleaning, visiting family and friends, sharing meals, and giving gifts. On the eve before Nooruz, Chahar Shanbe Suri features bonfires and symbolic purification. Sizdah Bedar, the 13th day, is commonly spent outdoors to invite good luck.

International recognition includes UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage designation in 2010. Nooruz remains a shared cultural festival across diverse communities, reflecting themes of renewal, harmony, and community.