Zoroastrian

Zoroastrianism is one of the world’s oldest surviving religions, originating in ancient Iran and founded on the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra). The exact dating is disputed, with traditional accounts placing its emergence in the early first millennium BCE. It was the dominant faith of several Persian empires and today is maintained by communities worldwide, notably Parsis in India and Zoroastrians in Iran and the diaspora.

Core beliefs center on Ahura Mazda, the supreme deity of order and truth, and Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit. Zoroastrianism emphasizes a cosmic struggle between good and evil, with human beings responsible for choosing the path of truth. Key concepts include Asha (truth/order) and the Amesha Spentas, and the ethical triad of good thoughts, words, and deeds. Judgment after death is guided by the Chinvat Bridge.

Scripture is contained in the Avesta, especially the Gathas attributed to Zoroaster, with later Middle Persian writings from the Sassanian era. Worship occurs in fire temples, where fire is a symbol of divine light. Initiation (Navjote) introduces the young to the faith; marriage and purity rites reinforce community. Traditional funerary practices have included exposure in towers of silence in some communities, though contemporary arrangements vary.

Historically, Zoroastrianism flourished under the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanian empires before declining after the Muslim conquest. Today it counts roughly 100,000 to 200,000 adherents, with the largest groups among the Parsis of India, smaller communities in Iran, and a growing diaspora in North America, Europe, and elsewhere. The religion is noted for its cultural influence and symbols such as the Faravahar and the sacred fire.