Nowruz

Nowruz, also known as Norouz, is the Iranian New Year and a festival that marks the beginning of spring, traditionally observed at the vernal equinox, usually around March 20 or 21. The term means “new day” in Persian. Nowruz has origins in ancient Persia and is celebrated by many communities across Iran and a broad region that includes Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, parts of Central Asia, the Caucasus, Kurdistan, and the wider diaspora. It is a seasonal holiday with cultural and, in some communities, religious significance and is recognized by various governments as an official holiday; UNESCO has inscribed Nowruz as part of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

Customs and observances vary, but common elements are shared. Preparations usually begin with spring cleaning, known as khaneh tekani. The eve of Nowruz features Chaharshanbe Suri, the festival of fire, where participants leap over flames and exchange wishes for health and vitality. On Nowruz day families gather to celebrate with a Haft-Seen table, arranged with seven items that begin with the Persian letter seen. Common items include sabzeh (sprouted greens), samanu (a sweet pudding), seer (garlic), seeb (apple), senjed (dried oleaster fruit), serkeh (vinegar), and sekkeh (coins). Other traditions include visiting relatives, sharing festive meals, and giving small gifts. Sizdeh Bedar, the thirteenth day, is spent outdoors with picnics and nature, often marking the conclusion of the Nowruz celebrations.

Nowruz emphasizes renewal, family ties, hospitality, and the connection between people and the natural world. It remains a major cultural festival for millions of people across several countries.