Nivelsärky

Nivelsärky, also known as *spondylosis* or *spinal osteoarthritis*, refers to degenerative changes in the spine that occur with aging or due to wear and tear on the vertebrae and intervertebral discs. These changes often lead to stiffness, pain, and reduced mobility, particularly in the neck (cervical spondylosis) or lower back (lumbar spondylosis). The condition is common among older adults, though it can also affect younger individuals with spinal injuries or genetic predispositions.

The primary causes of nivelsärky include natural aging, where cartilage between vertebrae deteriorates, and repetitive stress from activities like heavy lifting or prolonged sitting. Other contributing factors may include poor posture, obesity, smoking, and genetic factors. Symptoms typically develop gradually and may include localized pain, reduced range of motion, muscle spasms, and, in severe cases, nerve compression leading to radiating pain or numbness.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to assess spinal structure and identify degenerative changes. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and improving function, often starting with conservative measures like physical therapy, pain management (e.g., NSAIDs or muscle relaxants), and lifestyle modifications such as exercise and weight management. In persistent or severe cases, surgical interventions like spinal fusion or disc replacement may be considered.

Prevention strategies emphasize maintaining a healthy weight, practicing good posture, engaging in regular low-impact exercise, and avoiding smoking. While nivelsärky is not always preventable, early intervention and proactive care can help manage progression and reduce discomfort. Most individuals with the condition can lead active lives with appropriate treatment and self-care.