Målstyrda

Målstyrda, or målstyrning, is a management approach in which an organization defines clear, measurable objectives and organizes planning, execution, and evaluation around those targets. The focus is on results, accountability, and transparency, with success judged against predefined indicators rather than process alone. In Swedish-speaking contexts, målstyrning is commonly described as management by objectives or goal-oriented management and is applied in both corporate and public sector settings.

Key elements include cascading objectives from strategy to units and individuals, the use of performance indicators and targets, regular monitoring and reporting, and formal evaluation with adjustments. Managers align resources, decisions, and actions to targets, while individuals may have contracted objectives or performance agreements. Tools often employed are KPIs, balanced scorecards, and performance contracts.

Origins and usage: Målstyrning gained prominence in Nordic countries during reforms aimed at improving efficiency and decentralization, especially in the public sector from the 1980s onward, but has since spread to private organizations as well. It is often integrated with budgetary controls and internal control mechanisms.

Benefits and criticisms: Proponents argue it clarifies expectations, enhances alignment with strategy, and strengthens accountability and resource allocation. Critics warn that poorly chosen indicators can distort behavior, encourage gaming, or drive short-termism; it can also create administrative burden and reduce flexibility. Effective practice requires credible targets, appropriate indicators, learning-oriented culture, and safeguards against perverse incentives.