Missfall

Missfall is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable outside the uterus. The term is used in several Scandinavian languages to denote miscarriage. It is distinct from induced abortion. Most miscarriages occur in the first trimester.

Estimates indicate that about 10 to 20 percent of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage, with higher risk associated with advanced maternal age and with a history of prior miscarriages. Many losses stem from chromosomal abnormalities in the developing embryo. Other contributing factors can include uterine abnormalities, hormonal disturbances, unmanaged chronic diseases, infections, and lifestyle factors such as smoking or excessive alcohol use. In many cases, no single cause is identified.

Symptoms typically include vaginal bleeding, abdominal cramps, and sometimes passage of tissue. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound findings, and serial measurements of pregnancy hormones. It is important to confirm fetal viability and to rule out complications such as infection or heavy bleeding.

Management depends on gestational age, patient preferences, and clinical circumstances. Options include expectant management (allowing the pregnancy to progress and pass naturally), medical treatment with prostaglandins, or surgical removal of pregnancy tissue (often dilation and curettage). Adequate pain control and infection prevention are important considerations.

Most individuals who experience a miscarriage go on to have successful pregnancies in the future. The risk of recurrence after a single miscarriage is generally around 15 percent and is higher after multiple losses. Emotional and psychological support is important, and healthcare providers often offer counseling and resources.

In culture and language, missfall is commonly used to refer to miscarriage and its social and emotional impact, as part of routine reproductive health discussions.