viable

Viable is an adjective describing something capable of living, growing, or functioning successfully. In everyday language it commonly refers to plans, proposals, or options that are practical and likely to succeed. In scientific and technical contexts the term carries more specific meanings related to life, reproduction, growth, or sustainability.

In biology, viability denotes the ability of an organism, cell, or tissue to survive and maintain essential functions. It is used for seeds and embryos as well as mature organisms. Viability can be assessed with specialized tests, such as dye exclusion or metabolic assays for cells, or germination tests for seeds. Seed viability, for example, measures whether stored seeds can germinate under suitable conditions, and diminishes with age or poor storage.

In medicine, fetal viability refers to the point at which a fetus can survive outside the womb with medical support. This threshold varies with technology and clinical context but is commonly placed around 24 weeks of gestation, with outcomes improving for more mature gestational ages.

In agriculture and ecology, viability also describes whether populations or ecosystems can persist over time, especially under changing environmental conditions. The term is used to discuss restoration prospects, habitat suitability, and species survival.

In business, policy, and project planning, a viable option or project is one that can be funded, sustained, and deliver value over the long term. Viability assessments examine market demand, costs, risks, and potential benefits; they are closely related to feasibility studies but emphasize the likelihood of ongoing operation and success.

The term derives from Latin vivere, to live, via French viability.