induced

Induced is the past participle of induce and is used as an adjective to describe something that is brought about, caused, or produced by the action of something else. In scientific and scholarly usage, “induced” signals a response or effect generated by an external agent, field, or process.

In physics, electrical induction refers to the generation of an electromotive force or current in a conductor due to a changing magnetic or electric field, as described by Faraday's law. Induction underpins devices such as transformers and induction heaters, and it explains phenomena like an alternating current in a nearby circuit.

In biology and chemistry, induced effects include the induced fit model of enzyme–substrate interaction, wherein binding triggers a conformational change in the enzyme. Induced pluripotent stem cells are adult cells reprogrammed to a pluripotent state by introducing specific transcription factors. Induced mutations are genomic changes caused by external agents, such as mutagens, rather than by replication errors alone. Developmental biology also discusses induction as a process whereby one tissue influences the fate of neighboring tissues during embryogenesis.

In mathematics and computer science, “induced” appears in terms such as induced topology on a subspace and induced maps or representations, where new structures are derived from existing ones via a function, inclusion, or correspondence.

In medical and legal contexts, induced can describe interventions that initiate a process, such as induced labor or induced abortion, where a procedure is performed to bring about a desired outcome.