Methandrostenolone

Methandrostenolone, also known as methandienone, is an oral synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) derived from testosterone. It is widely known by the brand name Dianabol. The compound is 17α-alkylated, a modification that allows oral dosing but increases the potential for liver toxicity.

Pharmacology and effects are characterized by its ability to bind androgen receptors, enhancing protein synthesis, nitrogen retention, and muscle growth. It has historically been noted for substantial gains in lean body mass and strength, with a relatively high anabolic-to-androgenic ratio compared with testosterone. The oral formulation makes it popular for quick gains, but its hepatic risk profile limits long-term use.

History and regulation: Methandrostenolone was developed in the 1950s by the pharmaceutical company Ciba and became widely used in medical settings as well as in athletic and bodybuilding communities. Due to concerns about performance enhancement and safety, its use is tightly regulated in many countries, and it is commonly listed as a prohibited substance in sports. Medical approvals vary by jurisdiction, and many countries restrict its prescription.

Medical status and availability: In contemporary practice, methandrostenolone is generally prescribed only for specific medical indications where approved, and it is often banned or restricted due to safety concerns. It is more commonly encountered today as a controlled substance subject to strict regulation and monitoring, and possession or distribution without appropriate authorization is illegal in many regions.

Adverse effects and safety considerations: Potential adverse effects include liver toxicity (such as cholestasis, hepatic adenomas, and peliosis hepatis), virilization in women, acne, oily skin, and androgenic hair changes. It can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to reduced endogenous testosterone production and testicular atrophy. Other risks include unfavorable lipid changes and possible cardiovascular effects. Long-term or high-dose use increases the likelihood of serious liver disease.