bodybuilding

Bodybuilding is a sport and practice focused on developing muscle size, symmetry, and overall aesthetics. Athletes train to increase hypertrophy and present a balanced physique, often through structured resistance training and posing on competition day. Programs commonly use progressive overload, variation, and adequate recovery, with routines that target all major muscle groups.

Nutrition is central. During growth phases, athletes typically maintain a caloric surplus and emphasize protein, while adjusting carbohydrates and fats to energy needs. In the lead up to a contest, body fat is reduced through controlled dieting. Hydration and sleep support recovery. Supplements such as protein powders or creatine are used by some, but are not essential.

Competition involves presenting a physique to judges who evaluate muscular development, symmetry, conditioning, and posing performance. Categories include men's and women's divisions and specialized classes like classic physique. Judging emphasizes balance, proportions, and the overall stage presentation.

History: modern bodybuilding emerged in the early 20th century, with pioneers such as Eugen Sandow influencing the sport. It expanded through bodybuilding festivals and global federations, including the International Federation of Bodybuilders.

Safety and health: intense training and strict dieting can carry risks such as injuries, hormonal changes, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalances. Some competitors use performance-enhancing substances, with associated legal and health concerns. Natural bodybuilding organizations aim to restrict substances and promote drug-free competition.