Käitlussüsteeme

Käitlussüsteeme, commonly referred to as operating systems, are fundamental software components that manage computer hardware and software resources. They act as an intermediary between the user and the computer's hardware, providing a platform for applications to run. Key functions of an operating system include process management, memory management, file system management, and device management. Process management involves allocating CPU time to different programs, while memory management ensures that each process has access to the necessary memory without conflicts. File system management organizes and controls how data is stored and retrieved. Device management allows the operating system to communicate with and control hardware devices like printers and keyboards.

Operating systems can be broadly categorized into several types, including graphical user interface (GUI) based systems and command-line interface (CLI) based systems. GUI systems, such as Windows, macOS, and many Linux distributions, use visual elements like icons and windows for user interaction. CLI systems, like MS-DOS or the command-line shells in Unix-like systems, rely on text-based commands. Mobile operating systems, such as Android and iOS, are specifically designed for smartphones and tablets, offering touch-based interfaces and app-centric functionalities. Embedded operating systems are tailored for specific devices with limited resources, like those found in cars or appliances. The choice of operating system significantly impacts user experience and the software compatibility of a device.