Kraits

Kraits are venomous snakes belonging to the genus Bungarus in the family Elapidae. They are native to South Asia and Southeast Asia and are especially noted for their potent neurotoxic venom, which can cause rapid paralysis and respiratory failure if not treated promptly.

Taxonomy and species

The genus Bungarus comprises about a dozen species, commonly referred to as kraits. Well-known members include the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus), blue krait (Bungarus candidus), and many-banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus). Coloration varies by species and can range from nearly black to blue-black, often with crossbands or banding in some members.

Description and habitat

Kraits are medium-sized, slender snakes with smooth scales. Their markings may be alternating light and dark bands or, in some species, more subdued coloration. They are primarily nocturnal and often inhabit forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, and occasionally human dwellings, where they may prey on rodents and other small vertebrates. They are generally shy and will retreat if given the chance.

Behavior and diet

Kraits feed mainly on small vertebrates, including rodents, lizards, and occasionally other snakes. Bites commonly occur when snakes are disturbed or handled, rather than during deliberate encounters.

Venom and medical significance

Krait venom is highly neurotoxic and can cause ptosis, diplopia, limb weakness, and progressive paralysis, potentially leading to respiratory failure. Local tissue injury is typically minimal. Effective treatment relies on prompt administration of specific antivenom and supportive care, including airway management. Prevention relies on avoiding contact, securing living areas, and seeking immediate medical attention if bitten.

Conservation and notes

There are concerns for some species due to habitat loss and persecution, but kraits generally have wide distributions across their ranges.