Kariesiin

Kariesiin is the Finnish term for dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay. The condition occurs when acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque demineralize and decompose tooth tissues after fermentable carbohydrate intake. The earliest stage involves demineralization of enamel, which can be reversible with fluoride and good oral hygiene. If the process continues, lesions can cavitate, reaching dentin and potentially the pulp, causing sensitivity, pain, and infection.

Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, high sugar and starch consumption, infrequent dental visits, low fluoride exposure, dry mouth, and certain medical conditions or medications. Protective measures include regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, daily flossing, limiting sugary foods and drinks, topical fluoride applications, and dental sealants for at-risk surfaces. Regular dental check-ups enable early detection and intervention.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and radiographs, especially bitewing images, to identify both visible lesions and early subsurface demineralization. Treatment depends on severity: early lesions may be remineralized with fluoride and preventive care; cavitated lesions require restorative procedures such as fillings. In advanced cases, pulp therapy or extraction may be necessary.

Early childhood caries is a notable form affecting deciduous teeth in young children, often linked to feeding practices and oral hygiene. Public health measures, including water fluoridation and school-based prevention programs, have reduced caries prevalence in many populations. In Finnish dentistry, kariesiin denotes this condition and its management follows standard caries guidelines.