Infekcii

Infekcii are illnesses caused by pathogenic organisms that invade the body, triggering immune responses and tissue damage. They can affect any organ and range from mild to life-threatening.

They are categorized by pathogen type: bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections, each with distinct transmission, clinical features, and treatments.

Bacteria can cause localized or systemic infections and are often treated with antibiotics, though resistance is a growing problem. Viruses rely on host cells; management includes antivirals and vaccines. Fungi range from superficial to invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised people. Parasites include protozoa and helminths with diverse life cycles.

Infections spread by direct contact, droplets, contaminated food or water, vectors, or vertical transmission from mother to child. Pathogens interact with the immune system; outcomes depend on virulence, host factors, and dose.

Symptoms vary by site and organism, often including fever, fatigue, pain, cough, diarrhea, or rash. Diagnosis combines history, examination, and tests such as culture, microscopy, PCR, or serology.

Treatment aims to eliminate the pathogen and support recovery; antimicrobial therapy should be appropriate and guided by stewardship. Prevention includes vaccination, sanitation, hand hygiene, safe food handling, and vector control. In health care and communities, infection control reduces spread.

Public health surveillance tracks infections and guides interventions. Antibiotic resistance and emerging pathogens are ongoing challenges requiring global action. Infekcii is a term used in several languages to refer to infectious diseases.