child

A child is a human being in the early stages of life. In legal and social contexts, a child is generally defined as a person under the age of majority. The most widely cited standard is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which defines a child as someone under 18, though some jurisdictions set a different age for adulthood.

The word “child” derives from Old English cild, meaning a young person, and is cognate with the German Kind.

Children undergo rapid physical, cognitive, and social development. Early childhood emphasizes language, motor skills, and basic self-care, while adolescence involves further maturation and identity formation. Adequate nutrition, health care, play, education, and safe, supportive environments are important for healthy development. Immunization and preventive care help reduce illness and support growth.

Children have rights under international law, including protection from exploitation, access to education, and health care. National laws regulate child labor, abuse, and juvenile justice, and typically define parental responsibilities and child protection mechanisms.

Education and care systems support children's development, including schooling, health services, and social supports. Global efforts aim to reduce poverty and expand access to universal education, recognizing the long-term benefits of investing in the early years.