Hypertensiota

Hypertensiota, commonly referred to as hypertension, is a chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure. It is typically diagnosed when repeated measurements show blood pressure at or above defined thresholds, with many guidelines using a level around 130/80 mmHg or higher as the point at which treatment is considered. Thresholds can vary by country and guideline.

Most people with hypertensiota do not have noticeable symptoms, making regular blood pressure checks essential. Untreated hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke, as well as heart failure, kidney disease, and eye damage. The condition often coexists with other risk factors, including age, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and physical inactivity.

Diagnosis relies on careful measurement of blood pressure, ideally on several occasions and using proper technique. Home blood pressure monitoring or ambulatory monitoring can help confirm persistent elevation and guide treatment decisions. Clinicians consider overall cardiovascular risk, which guides when to start therapy and which targets to aim for.

Management focuses on reducing cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes and, when appropriate, medication. Nonpharmacologic approaches include weight management, regular physical activity, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (often the DASH diet), reducing sodium intake, limiting alcohol, and smoking cessation. Pharmacologic treatment commonly involves one or more drug classes, such as thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, or beta-blockers, chosen based on comorbid conditions and individual risk. Regular monitoring and periodic reassessment are integral to care.