Hydraulikus

Hydraulikus is the Hungarian term for hydraulic, relating to the use of liquids under pressure to transmit force and perform work. In English-language contexts, hydraulics refers to the science and technology that studies the behavior of fluids and their practical applications in mechanical systems.

Hydraulic systems rely on an incompressible fluid to transmit force from a power source to an actuator. By Pascal's law, pressure applied at one point in a closed fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid, allowing a small input force to produce a larger output force on a larger piston. A typical setup includes a reservoir, a pump, hoses or tubes, control valves, and actuators such as cylinders or hydraulic motors.

Fluids used in hydraulics include mineral oils, synthetic esters, and water–glycol blends, chosen for lubricating properties, viscosity, and fire resistance. Key components also encompass accumulators for energy storage, filters to remove contaminants, and seals to prevent leaks. System performance depends on fluid cleanliness, temperature, and pressure, as well as the efficiency of components and the integrity of seals and connections.

Applications of hydraulics are widespread and include manufacturing and construction equipment, automotive braking and steering systems, aircraft flight controls, industrial presses, robot actuators, and dam or turbomachinery control. The technology enables high forces and precise, controllable motion in relatively compact packages, making it essential in many industrial and engineering sectors.

Safety and environmental considerations are important in hydraulic design and operation. Proper fluid handling, leak prevention, fire safety for certain fluids, regular maintenance, and adherence to regulatory standards help reduce risks and environmental impact.