Holló

Holló is the Hungarian name for the common raven, Corvus corax, a large bird in the crow family (Corvidae). It is one of the largest passerine species and is known for its black plumage with a metallic sheen, a stout bill, and strong legs. Adults typically measure about 52–67 cm in length, with a wingspan around 110–150 cm and a weight of roughly 0.7–1.5 kg.

The common raven has a broad native range, spanning Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It occupies a wide variety of habitats, including forests, mountains, moorlands, open landscapes, and increasingly urban areas. In Hungary and much of Central Europe, it is relatively widespread and adaptable to human-modified environments.

Ravens are omnivorous and opportunistic feeders. Their diet includes carrion, small mammals, birds, eggs, insects, fruits, seeds, and grains. They are highly intelligent, capable of problem solving, planning, and using tools in some contexts. They often form social groups outside the breeding season and may roost communally.

Breeding occurs in spring. Ravens nest in trees or on cliffs, constructing large stick nests. A typical clutch consists of 3–7 eggs, which are incubated for about 18–21 days. Both parents participate in incubation and feeding, and the young fledge roughly 4–5 weeks after hatching.

Conservation status: the common raven is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and large population. Local declines can occur from habitat loss, poisoning, or persecution. In culture, ravens and crows appear in various European folk traditions, including Hungarian folklore, where the holló is a familiar symbol in tales and proverbs.