Herminiinae

Herminiinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. Commonly known as litter moths, they derive their name from the larval habit of feeding on leaf litter and other detritus on the forest floor. The group has undergone substantial taxonomic revision; in older classifications Herminiinae was treated as a separate family (Herminiidae) or placed within the Noctuidae. Molecular and morphological studies consolidated them within Erebidae, where they are treated as a distinct subfamily.

Adults are generally small to medium-sized moths with drab brown, gray, or ochre forewings that are often softly patterned. They tend to hold their wings flat or tent-like at rest. Coloration and patterning provide camouflage against leaf litter. The antennae are usually filiform; eyes and flight are typical of noctuids.

Larvae are primarily detritivores, feeding on dead leaves and other plant litter; some species feed on living leaves or seeds. They commonly occur in leaf litter, grass, and woodland edge habitats, where they contribute to decomposition and nutrient cycling. Pupation often occurs in the litter or soil.

Distribution is worldwide, with many species in tropical regions and substantial diversity in temperate zones. The subfamily contains numerous genera, including Herminia (the type genus) and Zanclognatha, among others. The group remains a focus of taxonomic and ecological study as classifications continue to be refined.