Noctuidae

Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, is a large and diverse family of moths within the order Lepidoptera. It includes thousands of described species found worldwide, across a broad range of habitats from deserts to tropical forests. Taxonomy within Noctuidae has undergone revisions in recent decades, with molecular data leading to reclassification and some groups moved to Erebidae and other families.

Adults are primarily nocturnal. They typically have drab forewings for camouflage and often more contrasting hindwings; wings are usually held flat at rest. Antennae are generally threadlike. The life cycle is standard for Lepidoptera: eggs hatch into caterpillars, which feed on a wide variety of plants. Many noctuid larvae are known as cutworms or armyworms and can be agricultural pests, feeding on crops and grasses. They may cause damage at seedling stages or later in the season. Several high-profile pest species include Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis spp., and Spodoptera frugiperda.

Pupation commonly occurs in soil or leaf litter, and adults emerge later to mate and lay new eggs. Ecologically, noctuids contribute to plant dynamics as herbivores and, in some ecosystems, as pollinators or prey for other animals. The vast diversity and adaptability of Noctuidae have made it a key group for studying moth evolution and pest management.