Erebidae

Erebidae is a large and diverse family of moths in the order Lepidoptera, within the superfamily Noctuoidea. It encompasses a wide range of forms, from small, cryptic species to large, boldly patterned ones, and includes many familiar groups such as tiger moths and tussock moths. The family is distributed worldwide and is among the most speciose lineages of moths.

In the 2000s and early 2010s, molecular studies prompted a major revision of noctuid classification. Several former families, including Arctiidae and Lymantriidae, were incorporated into Erebidae, and the group was divided into subfamilies such as Arctiinae (tiger moths), Lymantriinae (tussock moths), Erebinae, and Herminiinae. The circumscription of the family continues to be refined as new data become available.

Erebids show considerable morphological diversity. Many species are drab and cryptic, but others have bright coloration and bold patterns, particularly within Arctiinae, which often uses aposematic coloration to deter predators. Wings are typically held flat when at rest in some groups, while others fold their wings tent-like.

Most members are nocturnal, though day-flying species occur, especially among the tiger moths. Larvae are diverse, with some species hairy or spiny. They feed on a wide range of plants, with some acting as defoliators or leaf miners. Adult erebids contribute to pollination in some ecosystems and serve as prey for bats, birds, and other predators.

Erebidae is cosmopolitan, found in habitats from forests and grasslands to deserts and tropical ecosystems. Some species are agricultural or forestry pests, while many others are neutral components of ecosystems. The group's breadth makes it a central focus of noctuoid moth research.