Gingivarezession

Gingivarezession is a dental term describing the apical migration of the gingival margin, leading to exposure of the tooth root surfaces. In standard terminology, this condition is referred to as gingival recession. It can affect one or multiple teeth and may occur on the facial or, less commonly, the lingual surfaces. Root exposure can be associated with tooth sensitivity, increased caries risk, and aesthetic concerns.

Causes and risk factors include periodontal disease with inflammation and destruction of supporting tissues, mechanical trauma from aggressive brushing or improper brushing technique, orthodontic tooth movement, and tobacco use. Other contributing factors are aging, occlusal (biting) trauma, thin gingival biotypes, and insufficient keratinized tissue. Systemic conditions such as diabetes or connective tissue disorders can heighten susceptibility.

Clinical features and diagnosis involve patient-reported sensitivity or esthetic concerns and a clinical examination that measures the recession from the cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin. Probing depths may be shallow at recessed sites, and radiographs help assess underlying bone support. A comprehensive periodontal assessment is used to determine activity and progression.

Management and prognosis depend on severity and cause. Non-surgical approaches focus on controlling plaque and inflammation through meticulous oral hygiene and regular professional cleanings. For exposed roots with functional or esthetic impact, periodontal plastic procedures may be considered, including coronally advanced flaps, connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts, or guided tissue regeneration. Ongoing maintenance and prevention—such as soft-bristled brushing, fluoride use, and management of contributing factors—are essential. The prognosis varies with extent, root anatomy, and patient adherence to maintenance.