Enterobius

Enterobius, commonly known as pinworm or seatworm, is a genus of parasitic nematodes within the family Oxyuridae. The most well-known species is Enterobius vermicularis, which is a prevalent intestinal parasite in humans worldwide.

Enterobius vermicularis primarily infects the human gastrointestinal tract, with the adult worms residing in the colon and rectum. Female worms migrate to the anal area at night to lay eggs, causing itching and discomfort. The eggs are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated hands, clothing, bedding, or surfaces. Reinfection occurs frequently, especially among children in close-contact settings such as schools or households.

Clinically, infection with E. vermicularis, known as enterobiasis, often presents with perianal itching, irritability, and sleep disturbances. While infections are generally mild and asymptomatic in some cases, heavier infestations may lead to more persistent discomfort and secondary bacterial infections due to scratching.

Diagnosis typically involves the "scotch tape test," where adhesive tape is applied to the anal region to pick up eggs, which can then be examined microscopically. Treatment generally includes antiparasitic medications such as mebendazole, albendazole, or pyrantel pamoate. Due to the ease of reinfection, treating all household members simultaneously and maintaining strict hygiene practices are recommended to prevent recurrence.

Enterobius vermicularis is notable for its simple life cycle, short generation time, and high infectivity, making it a common parasitic infection, especially among children. Proper hygiene and sanitation are vital in controlling its spread, and it remains a significant public health concern in many regions globally.