Female

Female is a term used to denote the biological sex of an organism that typically produces ova and bears offspring. In humans and many animals, female is one of two primary sexes, with male as the complementary sex. The word is also used as an adjective and a noun to describe individuals of this sex, though usage varies in social contexts.

Biologically, most female humans have two X chromosomes, but chromosomal variation exists (for example, Turner syndrome and other intersex conditions). Reproductive anatomy commonly includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina. Females produce sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which drive puberty and secondary sexual characteristics, including breast development and wider pelvis. Although females can conceive and carry a pregnancy, not all do, and reproductive capacity varies widely across individuals and species. In many animals, females bear offspring or provide parental care, while some species demonstrate different patterns of reproduction.

In social and cultural contexts, the term "female" is linked to discussions of gender. Some contexts distinguish sex (a biological attribute) from gender (a social identity), and preferences for terminology can vary by culture, legal framework, and personal identity. As a result, "female" is often used in scientific, medical, or administrative language, whereas "woman" or other terms may be preferred when discussing gender and lived experience.

Etymology: from Latin femina, via Old French femme; related words include feminine and feminism.