Endoproteeseja

Endoproteeseja is an artificial joint implant used in orthopedic surgery to replace a damaged or diseased joint. It is designed to relieve pain, restore function, and correct deformities in joints such as the hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, ankle, and wrist. Endoproteesejas are applied in conditions where joint surfaces have deteriorated beyond repair, including advanced osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, osteonecrosis, fractures, or failed prior joint procedures.

Endoproteesejas come in various types, including total joint replacements (for example, total hip or total knee), partial replacements, and revision prostheses designed for previously implanted joints. Specialized implants exist for different joints, and some designs are modular, allowing components to be exchanged or adjusted. Implants can be fixed in bone using bone cement (cemented) or implanted to achieve stability without cement (cementless); surgeons may choose a fixation method based on patient factors and implant type.

Design and materials commonly involve metal alloys (such as titanium or cobalt-chromium), plastic bearing surfaces (often ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene), and sometimes ceramics. Articulating components mimic natural joint movement, while components such as stems, cups, and spacers secure the prosthesis to bone. Surgical approaches vary, but typically involve removing damaged joint surfaces and bone, fitting the prosthesis, and testing alignment and range of motion. Postoperative rehabilitation emphasizes physical therapy, gradual weight-bearing, and activity modification to protect the implant.

Outcomes are favorable for many patients, with substantial pain relief and improved function in the mid-to-long term. Longevity typically ranges from about 15 to 25 years, depending on implant type, surgical technique, patient age, and activity level. Risks include infection, blood clots, implant loosening or wear, periprosthetic fracture, and adverse reactions to materials. Revision surgery may be required to address such complications.