Compositesaccording

Compositesaccording is not a standard term in materials science. If encountered, it may reflect a wording choice or a shorthand for discussing composites 'according to' a selected criterion. This article treats composites in general and presents how they are described and categorized, then outlines the main classification schemes and the implications for material performance and design.

Classification schemes commonly describe composites either by the type of matrix or by the type of reinforcement. Matrix-based categories include polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), metal-matrix composites (MMCs), and ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs). Reinforcement-based distinctions cover fiber-reinforced, particle-reinforced, and laminated composites; lamination refers to stacking plies in specific orientations to tailor strength, stiffness, and thermal behavior.

Manufacturing methods range from resin transfer molding, compression molding, and lay-up processes to filament winding and prepreg cure. Properties depend strongly on constituent materials and geometry; PMCs offer high strength-to-weight ratios and corrosion resistance, MMCs provide high temperature performance, and CMCs show fracture resistance at elevated temperatures. All exhibit anisotropy and sensitivity to moisture or heat, influencing performance and reliability.

Applications span aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, wind turbines, and construction. Economic and environmental factors, including cost of materials and recycling challenges, influence adoption. Ongoing research seeks improved interfaces between matrix and reinforcement, easier manufacturing, better recyclability, and sustainable life-cycle assessments. Standards and testing protocols from organizations such as ASTM and ISO guide material qualification and performance verification.