Colics

Colics refer to episodes of abdominal pain that occur in a cramp-like, paroxysmal pattern. The term is used to describe several different conditions that share this characteristic, rather than a single disease. Common forms include infantile colic, biliary colic, renal colic, and colic attributable to intestinal cramping or obstruction. Each form has distinct typical presentations, causes, and management considerations.

Infantile colic is the best-known type and occurs in otherwise healthy newborns and young infants. It is characterized by episodes of inconsolable crying and fussiness, often in the late afternoon or evening, with the infant otherwise well between episodes. Onset is typically around two to six weeks of age, and the crying episodes may last several hours but recur daily or almost daily for several weeks. Most cases resolve by three to four months of age. Management focuses on supportive care for families, soothing strategies, regular feeding schedules, ensuring the infant is well hydrated and rested, and reassurance. Medical workup is usually not required unless there are red flags suggesting another illness.

Biliary colic arises from gallbladder disease, most commonly gallstones. It presents as episodic right upper quadrant or epigastric pain that may last from minutes to hours and often occurs after meals, sometimes with nausea. Renal colic results from ureteral obstruction by stones and presents as severe, waves of flank or groin pain with possible nausea, vomiting, or hematuria. intestinal colic can occur with intestinal cramping from obstruction or spasms.

Diagnosis is guided by history and physical examination and is aided by targeted laboratory tests and imaging when indicated. Red flags such as fever, vomiting with persistent pain, signs of shock, or abnormal abdomen warrant urgent evaluation. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include analgesia, hydration, lifestyle changes, or referral for definitive management.