Chamaeleo

Chamaeleo is a genus of lizards in the family Chamaeleonidae that includes several species commonly known as true chameleons. Historically a broad grouping, many species previously placed in Chamaeleo have been reassigned to other genera such as Trioceros, Bradypodion, and Kinyongia as scientific understanding of chameleon relationships has evolved. The best-known member is the common chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon.

Distribution and habitat: Species in the genus are native primarily to Africa, with some extending into the Arabian Peninsula. They occupy a variety of habitats from rainforests and woodlands to savannas and cultivated areas, and are typically arboreal, spending most of their lives in trees and bushes.

Physical description: Chamaeleos have characteristic zygodactylous feet, a laterally compressed body, and a prehensile tail. They can move slowly and deliberately, and are famous for their independently mobile eyes and color-changing skin, which serves camouflage, thermoregulation, and signaling.

Behavior and diet: They are insectivorous and primarily feed on insects and other small arthropods. They are generally solitary and territorial; males may display conspicuous color patterns during courtship or threats.

Reproduction: Reproduction is usually oviparous, with females laying eggs after mating; clutch size and incubation period vary with species and environmental conditions.

Conservation: Habitat change, collection for the pet trade, and climate change threaten many Chamaeleo species. Several members are listed as vulnerable or endangered by conservation organizations.