Arabian

Arabian is an English term that functions as both an adjective and a noun. It is used to describe things related to Arabia or the Arab world, and in some contexts to refer to people of Arab descent or cultural heritage. The term is more often encountered in historical, ethnographic, or breed-specific contexts rather than as a contemporary demonym.

Geographically, Arabia refers to the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, which includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait, with portions of Jordan and Iraq closely associated with the region. The peninsula is bordered by the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea and contains vast deserts, including the Rub al Khali.

Linguistically, the region belongs to the Semitic language family, with Arabic as the dominant language. The term Arabian is used less for the language in modern contexts—Arabic is preferred—yet it appears in historical or regional phrases, literature, and trade nomenclature. Arab cultural heritage encompasses traditions in governance, religion (predominantly Islam), music, cuisine, and art.

Arabian also denotes the Arabian horse, a breed developed by peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. Known for endurance, refined conformation, and historical significance in horse breeding worldwide, the breed has influenced many other horse lineages.

Today, "Arabian" is often used in brand names, geographic designations, and in reference to historical works such as the tales of Arabian Nights (One Thousand and One Nights), though the term "Arab" is more common for describing people and contemporary cultures of the Arab world.