Chachalacas

Chachalacas are a group of medium-sized, stocky ground-dwelling birds in the family Cracidae, which also includes guans and curassows. Native to the Americas, they occur from the southern United States through Central America and into parts of northern and central South America. Most species belong to the genus Ortalis, though taxonomic revisions have led to changes in classification for some lineages. Chachalacas are typically dull brown, olive, or gray with relatively long tails and a short, stout bill. They are known for their loud, repetitive calls.

Habitat and behavior

Chachalacas inhabit a variety of wooded and brushy environments, including forests, mangroves, scrubland, and agricultural edges. They are social birds, often seen in small to mid-sized groups, especially outside the breeding season. Their calls are a defining feature and contribute to their name, which is derived from the rhythm of their vocalizations. They feed mainly on fruit, leaves, seeds, and flowers, with occasional ingestion of insects. They are generally active during the early morning and late afternoon and spend much of their time foraging in dense vegetation or along forest edges.

Reproduction

Breeding patterns vary by region, but chachalacas typically construct open nests low in shrubs or trees. Clutch sizes commonly range from two to four eggs, and both parents may participate in nesting and care of the young. Eggs are usually pale and well camouflaged against the surrounding foliage.

Conservation

Chachalacas face habitat loss and hunting pressure in some areas, though many species are listed as of least concern due to their broad ranges and adaptable habits. Ongoing habitat protection and sustainable hunting practices help maintain populations across their range.