Ortalis

Ortalis is a genus of birds in the family Cracidae, commonly known as chachalacas. They inhabit tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. Ortalis species are medium-sized, greenish- or brownish-plumaged birds with long tails. They are primarily ground foragers, feeding on fruit, seeds, leaves, and flowers, and they often forage in shrubs and low trees. They are famed for loud, repetitive calls that travel long distances.

Taxonomy and species: The genus contains several chachalaca species, including the plain chachalaca (Ortalis vetula). Taxonomic revisions have moved some species to other genera, and the number of recognized Ortalis species is around a dozen.

Behavior and ecology: Ortalis birds are social, occurring in family groups or larger flocks outside the breeding season. They nest in trees or shrubs, laying two to four eggs. The female incubates the eggs, while both parents may provision the young.

Conservation: Most Ortalis species are of Least Concern, but several have restricted ranges and are threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and fragmentation in parts of their range. Conservation efforts emphasize habitat protection and sustainable management of tropical woodlands.