Bulls

Bulls are adult male cattle of the species Bos taurus, and in some contexts Bos indicus. They are typically kept for breeding purposes, genetic improvement, and, in some breeds, meat production. Bulls are distinct from cows (adult females) and calves (juveniles).

Physically, bulls are larger and more muscular than cows, with horns in many breeds. Coat color and size vary by breed. Most bulls reach sexual maturity at about one year old, though breeding programs may select older, proven sires. Some bulls are dehorned for safety.

Behavior and handling: Bulls can be more aggressive, particularly during mating periods; they may be territorial and respond to stimuli with force. Proper handling facilities, training, and low-stress management are essential to reduce injuries.

Reproduction and production: Bulls mate with cows during the breeding season; natural service is common, but artificial insemination is widely used, with selected sires listed in breed registries. Gestation lasts about 283 days. After calving, bulls may be separated from cows or kept as breeding stock. Some bulls are castrated to produce steers or used for other purposes.

Uses and significance: In beef production, bulls contribute to herd genetics and meat from older animals; in dairy-farmed herds, bulls are primarily used for breeding cows to produce calves; castrated males (steers) often assume meat-production roles. Bulls also appear in cultural contexts, such as symbols and in bullfighting in some countries, which is controversial and restricted in many places.

Other uses of the term bulls: The word is used in finance to describe optimistic market participants. It is also used as a team name for several sports clubs.