Boars

Boar is a common name for the wild boar, Sus scrofa, a large omnivorous mammal in the pig family (Suidae). The term also applies to feral pigs, which are descendants of domestic pigs of the same species. Domestic pigs are not a separate species, but rather a domesticated form of Sus scrofa. Wild boars occur naturally in Europe, western Asia, and North Africa and have been introduced to many other regions, where they often form established, invasive populations.

Boars are robust and stocky, with short legs and a coarse, bristly coat that can range in color from dark brown to gray. Males typically have tusks that curve upward, used for defense and foraging. Coat coloration and size can vary with habitat and age, and boars can be recognized by their muscular build and, in males, prominent tusks.

In behavior, boars are opportunistic omnivores and highly adaptable. Their diet includes roots, tubers, fruits, seeds, invertebrates, small vertebrates, carrion, and agricultural crops. They are mainly active at night or during twilight. Socially, females and their young form sounders, while adult males are often solitary or part of small bachelor groups and may defend a territory during the breeding season. Reproduction is seasonal in some areas but can occur year-round in others; gestation lasts about 114 days, and litters typically contain four to twelve piglets, which are cared for by the sow for several weeks.

Environmental impacts include soil disturbance and crop damage, and they can spread diseases affecting wildlife and livestock. Management practices often involve hunting, trapping, fencing, and habitat modification, with approaches tailored to local conservation and agricultural goals. The wild boar is generally listed as Least Concern by conservation authorities, though feral populations pose regional challenges.