Aterosklerozun

Aterosklerozun, also known as atherosclerosis, is a chronic condition characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances on the inner lining of arterial walls. These deposits, called plaques, can gradually narrow and harden the arteries, impeding blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process that begins with damage to the endothelium, the thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels. Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels contribute to endothelial injury. In response, the body initiates an inflammatory process, leading to the accumulation of lipids and immune cells within the arterial wall. Over time, this accumulation forms plaques that can rupture, causing blood clots that may obstruct arteries.

Atherosclerosis typically affects large and medium-sized arteries, including those supplying the heart, brain, and limbs. Symptoms often do not appear until the arteries are significantly narrowed or blocked, at which point they may include chest pain (angina), stroke, or peripheral artery disease. If a plaque ruptures, it can lead to acute events such as heart attacks.

Diagnosis involves blood tests for cholesterol levels, imaging techniques like ultrasound, angiography, and computed tomography. Lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, are crucial in prevention and management. Medications that control cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood clotting are also commonly prescribed.

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, underscoring the importance of early detection and intervention to reduce its impact on health.