Antiatherogenic

Antiatherogenic is a term used to describe substances, behaviors, or interventions that reduce the development or progression of atherosclerosis, the buildup of lipid-rich plaques in arterial walls. Atherosclerosis involves lipid deposition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and smooth muscle proliferation; antiatherogenic factors aim to interrupt these processes and stabilize existing plaques.

Common antiatherogenic strategies include maintaining a favorable lipid profile, reducing vascular inflammation, and improving endothelial function. Lifestyle measures such as regular aerobic exercise, weight management, avoidance of tobacco smoke, and a heart-healthy diet (high in fruits, vegetables, fiber, whole grains, and healthy fats) are associated with reduced risk of plaque formation. Nutritional components like plant sterols/stanols and soluble fiber lower LDL cholesterol; omega-3 fatty acids may reduce triglycerides and inflammation; antioxidant-rich foods may limit LDL oxidation. Pharmacologic agents with antiatherogenic effects include lipid-lowering therapies (statins, and in some contexts PCSK9 inhibitors) and other drugs that favorably modify inflammation or lipids. The term emphasizes preventive or plaque-stabilizing effects rather than a cure.

Evidence varies by factor and population; antiatherogenic effects are often demonstrated in surrogate endpoints such as lipid levels, inflammatory markers, or endothelial function, with clinical outcomes assessed in long-term trials. It remains a descriptive term rather than a single approved mechanism, guiding risk reduction and research into therapies that slow or prevent atherosclerosis.